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  <time class="dt-published" datetime="2021-04-13T13:34:20.683Z" itemprop="datePublished">2021-04-13</time>
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      语法基础
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        <h2 id="2-语法基础"><a href="#2-语法基础" class="headerlink" title="2.语法基础"></a>2.语法基础</h2><h4 id="1-is和-的区别"><a href="#1-is和-的区别" class="headerlink" title="1.is和==的区别"></a>1.is和==的区别</h4><p>​    is主要用来判断两个对象是否完全相同，两个对象的内存地址的指向是否一致。</p>
<p>​    ==主要用来判断两个对象的值是否相同，两个对象的类型是否相同。</p>
<h4 id="2-range和xrange的区别"><a href="#2-range和xrange的区别" class="headerlink" title="2.range和xrange的区别"></a>2.range和xrange的区别</h4><p>​    python2中xrange有，python3中没有</p>
<p>​    range结果返回一个列表，xrange结果返回一个可迭代对象</p>
<p>​    python2中xrange存在，python3中被range代替了,它们的作用相同</p>
<p>​    xrange返回的是可迭代对象，每次调用返回一个值。内存空间占用相比range更少，性能更好</p>
<h4 id="3-三元表达式"><a href="#3-三元表达式" class="headerlink" title="3.三元表达式"></a>3.三元表达式</h4><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">x = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">y = <span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line">human = <span class="string">&#x27;男&#x27;</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> x &lt; y <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="string">&#x27;女&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">print(x)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># x = 女</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="4-深拷贝，浅拷贝"><a href="#4-深拷贝，浅拷贝" class="headerlink" title="4.深拷贝，浅拷贝"></a>4.深拷贝，浅拷贝</h4><p>​    深拷贝：copy.deepcopy()</p>
<p>​    深拷贝是拷贝原变量的一整套内容，完全相同，修改拷贝数据原数据不会受到任何影响</p>
<p>​    浅拷贝：copy.copy()</p>
<p>​    浅拷贝是只拷贝原变量的第一层，深层次不会拷贝，看上去相同，但是如果改变拷贝内容，原来除第一层外的其它层也会改变</p>
<h4 id="5-python的自省"><a href="#5-python的自省" class="headerlink" title="5.python的自省"></a>5.python的自省</h4><p>​    python自省：在程序运行中可获取某个对象的属性或类型</p>
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<li>dir 获取当前对象内部的属性</li>
<li>type 获取当前对象的类型</li>
<li>hasattr 判断对象是否包含某个属性</li>
<li>getattr 获取对象的属性</li>
<li>isinstance 判断对象是否是某个类的实例</li>
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